Modern Approaches to the Creation of Immobilized Metal-Complex Catalysts for Hydrogenation, Alkene Metathesis, and Cross-Coupling Processes: A Review

The approaches to immobilization of metal-complex catalysts for organic processes of hydrogenation, alkene metathesis, and cross-coupling on silica and polymeric and other carriers are considered. The advantages and lack of modern approaches to the creation of such systems are analyzed. It was shown that the stability of the catalyst with immobilized metal complex in the respective process was directly related to the mechanism of its catalytic action, namely, ligand cleavage in the catalytic cycle. Among the considered catalysts for various types of reactions, the catalysts for hydrogenation processes had the highest stability; this peculiarity is associated with specific features of their action.